Hall, H. G.

(1986) Proc. Nat. Acad.

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Sci. , Vol. F. A. , et al. (1986) Experimentia, Vol. Due to the fact DNA molecules them selves are not issue to environmental influences, DNA probes offer an alternate to identification strategies using phenotypic figures.

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Even more, simply because DNA polymorphisms are not restricted to sequences expressed as proteins, they may well not be as topic to evolutionary pressures. This may perhaps be primarily significant with honey bees simply because their haplodiploid mechanisms of sexual intercourse willpower (haploid males, diploid females) reportedly limitations enzyme variability. Pamilo, P.

(1978) Hereditas, Vol. SUMMARY OF THE Invention. The strategy of the current invention is summarized in that a distinctive DNA attribute has plantidentification.co been recognized which distinguishes among Africanized and European bees. The characteristic is a unique restriction enzyme fragment which hybridizes to a DNA strand containing a unique non-protein encoding highly repetitive sequence. Even though the repetitive sequence alone takes place the two in Africanzed and European honey bees, the presence of this sequence in a described restriction enzyme fragment, as diagnosed by a hybridization assay, is indicative of Africanized bee heritage. The restriction fragment is an approximately 2. 1 kilobase Hae III fragment digested and separated from the full bee DNA. The existing invention is also summarized by a probe beneficial in distinguishing Africanized from European bees incorporates a repetitive sequence observed in honey bee DNA attached to a marker so that the sequence may perhaps be made use of as a diagnostic probe. It is an item of the present invention to supply a system, and to present the instruments for that method, to distinguish Africanized from European bees by their actual genetic pattern. It is an advantage of the pattern observed by the inventors right here that the characteristic does not code for the expression of a protein and is therefore fewer probable to be modified by environmental pressures. The distinctive “fingerprint styles” furnished by this DNA restriction fragment polymorphism and hybridization assay method suggests that this technologies may grow to be the technique of option for identification and certification of honey bee colonies as African-free.

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Distinct DNA sequences as probes can also be utilised to ascertain the extent of Africanization in honey bees. Further objects, attributes, and pros of the invention will be obvious from the subsequent thorough description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING. FIG.

Kilobase plasmid p-GEM (ampicillin resistant) that contains a 264 basepair Apis DNA Sau3A insert, identified as pAfr3. four, cloned into the BamHI site of the plasmid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE Creation. The existing invention is directed toward a unique DNA prognosis of Africanized bees by the detection of a repeating gene sequence in a DNA fragment created by a specific restriction enzyme digest of bee DNA. The mother nature of the repeating sequence, and its variants, might be acknowledged by examining the sequence of the pAfr3. four plasmid, described below, and how it is employed in the method listed here. The distinct DNA fragment uncovered to be diagnostic of Africanization, if it includes the repeating sequence, is a two. 1 Kilobase fragment of full bee DNA digested with the restriction enzyme Hae III. The course of action described here consequently adapts attributes of a number of additional primary procedures of examination employed in modern molecular biology. One particular stage in the course of action is the digestion of the genome of a bee or bees with a restriction enzyme.